Task 1. choose the correct variant. 1. they are glad ___ to the party last week. a) to invite b) to have been invited c) to be invited 2. i don’t like ___ . a) to interrupt b) to have been interrupted c) to be interrupted 3. be careful with him. he can’t bare ___. a) to joke at b) to be joked at c) to have joked at 4. look, a ship can ___ in the distance. a) to be seen b) to have been seen c) to see 5. children like ___ tales and always___ to them. a) to tell, to have listened b) to be told, to listen c) to have told, to be listened task 2. insert the particle «to» where necessary. 1. i think you ought ___ apologize. 2. make him ___ speak louder. 3. my son asked me ___ let him ___ go to the cinema. 4. she asked me ___ read the letter carefully and ___ write an answer immediately. 5. let me ___ help you with your work. 6. we had better ___ stop ___ rest a little. 7. we heard the siren ___ sound and saw the ship ___ move. 8. you must ___ make him ___ practice an hour a day. 9. she was made ___ repeat the song. 10. would you rather ___ learn shorthand than ___ start doing the typewriting course?

Below are the completed tasks with detailed explanations for each choice and grammatical rule. Task 1: Choose the Correct Variant

1. They are glad b) to have been invited to the party last week.
   • Explanation: The action (inviting) happened in the past relative to the feeling of being glad. To show an action that occurred before the main verb, the Perfect Infinitive (to have been + V3) is used. Since they were the ones receiving the invitation, the passive form is required.
2. I don’t like c) to be interrupted.
   • Explanation: This expresses a general preference about something being done to the speaker. The Passive Infinitive (to be + V3) is used to show that the subject is the recipient of the action.
3. Be careful with him. He can’t bear b) to be joked at.
   • Explanation: Similar to the previous example, the person does not like being the object of a joke. The Passive Infinitive is necessary because the subject ("he") is not doing the joking, but is the target of it.
4. Look, a ship can a) be seen in the distance.
   • Explanation: After modal verbs like "can," the particle "to" is omitted. The ship does not "see"; it "is seen" by others, requiring the passive form be + V3.
5. Children like b) to be told tales and always listen to them.
   • Explanation: In the first part, children receive the action (someone tells them stories), so the passive to be told is used. In the second part, the children perform the action (they listen), so the active to listen is used. (Note: "to" is often omitted after "and" when the first verb already has "to").

Task 2: Insert the particle "to" where necessary

1. I think you ought to apologize.
   • Rule: The modal verb "ought" always requires "to" before the infinitive.
2. Make him (no to) speak louder.
   • Rule: After the verb "make" in the active voice, the bare infinitive (without "to") is used.
3. My son asked me to let him (no to) go to the cinema.
   • Rule: "Ask" requires "to," but "let" is followed by a bare infinitive.
4. She asked me to read the letter carefully and (to) write an answer immediately.
   • Rule: "Ask" requires "to." In the second part, "to" is optional after "and" but grammatically implied.
5. Let me (no to) help you with your work.
   • Rule: The verb "let" is followed by an object and a bare infinitive.
6. We had better (no to) stop to rest a little.
   • Rule: "Had better" is followed by a bare infinitive. "To rest" is used here to show purpose (stopping in order to rest).
7. We heard the siren (no to) sound and saw the ship (no to) move.
   • Rule: After verbs of perception (hear, see, feel), we use the bare infinitive to describe a completed action.
8. You must (no to) make him (no to) practice an hour a day.
   • Rule: Modal verbs ("must") and the verb "make" (active voice) both take the bare infinitive.
9. She was made to repeat the song.
   • Rule: While "make" in the active voice takes a bare infinitive, in the passive voice ("was made"), the particle "to" is required.
10. Would you rather (no to) learn shorthand than (no to) start doing the typewriting course?
    • Rule: The expression "would rather" is followed by the bare infinitive. This carries over to the second action after "than."

Review these rules regarding modal verbs and verbs of perception to master infinitive usage.