" Русская Правда," particularly its Short and Expanded editions, serves as a key source for analyzing the social structure of Ancient Rus, which categorized the population based on social status, the value of life (vira amount), and property relations. The law distinguished several social strata, including the Prince, boyars, members of the prince's administration, smerds, zakups, ryadovichi, изгои, and kholopy (slaves), each with distinct legal statuses and rights, such as varying fines for murder and property ownership rules.
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