(1/(5-lgx))+ (2/(1+lgx))< 1

Лебедев Дмитрий Сергеевич

Учитель математики

Проверено учителем

Для решения неравенства 15lgx+21+lgx<1the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator 5 minus l g x end-fraction plus the fraction with numerator 2 and denominator 1 plus l g x end-fraction is less than 1 воспользуемся методом замены переменной и интервалов. 1. Область допустимых значений (ОДЗ) Так как под знаком логарифма находится xx, а сами логарифмы стоят в знаменателях:

  • x>0x is greater than 0 5lgx0lgx5x1055 minus l g x is not equal to 0 ⟹ l g x is not equal to 5 ⟹ x is not equal to 10 to the fifth power 1+lgx0lgx-1x0.11 plus l g x is not equal to 0 ⟹ l g x is not equal to negative 1 ⟹ x is not equal to 0.1

2. Замена переменной Пусть t=lgxt equals l g x. Перепишем неравенство: 15t+21+t<1the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator 5 minus t end-fraction plus the fraction with numerator 2 and denominator 1 plus t end-fraction is less than 1 Перенесем все в левую часть и приведем к общему знаменателю: 15t+21+t1<0the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator 5 minus t end-fraction plus the fraction with numerator 2 and denominator 1 plus t end-fraction minus 1 is less than 0 (1+t)+2(5t)(5t)(1+t)(5t)(1+t)<0the fraction with numerator open paren 1 plus t close paren plus 2 open paren 5 minus t close paren minus open paren 5 minus t close paren open paren 1 plus t close paren and denominator open paren 5 minus t close paren open paren 1 plus t close paren end-fraction is less than 0 Раскроем скобки в числителе:

  • (1+t)+(102t)(5+5ttt2)<0open paren 1 plus t close paren plus open paren 10 minus 2 t close paren minus open paren 5 plus 5 t minus t minus t squared close paren is less than 0 11t(5+4tt2)<011 minus t minus open paren 5 plus 4 t minus t squared close paren is less than 0 11t54t+t2<011 minus t minus 5 minus 4 t plus t squared is less than 0 t25t+6<0t squared minus 5 t plus 6 is less than 0

Получаем упрощенное неравенство: t25t+6(5t)(1+t)<0the fraction with numerator t squared minus 5 t plus 6 and denominator open paren 5 minus t close paren open paren 1 plus t close paren end-fraction is less than 0 3. Решение относительно tt Разложим числитель на множители. Корни уравнения t25t+6=0t squared minus 5 t plus 6 equals 0 по теореме Виета равны t1=2,t2=3t sub 1 equals 2 comma t sub 2 equals 3. (t2)(t3)(5t)(1+t)<0the fraction with numerator open paren t minus 2 close paren open paren t minus 3 close paren and denominator open paren 5 minus t close paren open paren 1 plus t close paren end-fraction is less than 0 Для удобства умножим числитель и знаменатель на -1negative 1 (при этом знак неравенства сменится, если менять только один множитель, но мы просто перепишем (5t)open paren 5 minus t close paren как (t5)negative open paren t minus 5 close paren): (t2)(t3)(t5)(t+1)<0(t2)(t3)(t5)(t+1)>0the fraction with numerator open paren t minus 2 close paren open paren t minus 3 close paren and denominator negative open paren t minus 5 close paren open paren t plus 1 close paren end-fraction is less than 0 ⟹ the fraction with numerator open paren t minus 2 close paren open paren t minus 3 close paren and denominator open paren t minus 5 close paren open paren t plus 1 close paren end-fraction is greater than 0 Определим знаки на интервалах для tt: Точки разрыва и нули: -1,2,3,5negative 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 5.

  • t(;-1)(+)t is an element of open paren negative infinity ; negative 1 close paren ⟹ open paren positive close paren t(-1;2)()t is an element of open paren negative 1 ; 2 close paren ⟹ open paren negative close paren t(2;3)(+)t is an element of open paren 2 ; 3 close paren ⟹ open paren positive close paren t(3;5)()t is an element of open paren 3 ; 5 close paren ⟹ open paren negative close paren t(5;+)(+)t is an element of open paren 5 ; positive infinity close paren ⟹ open paren positive close paren

Нам нужны интервалы, где выражение больше нуля: t<-1,2<t<3,t>5t is less than negative 1 comma space 2 is less than t is less than 3 comma space t is greater than 54. Обратная замена Теперь вернемся к переменной xx, учитывая, что t=lgxt equals l g x:

  1. lgx<-1x<10-1x<0.1l g x is less than negative 1 ⟹ x is less than 10 to the negative 1 power ⟹ x is less than 0.1. С учетом ОДЗ: 0<x<0.10 is less than x is less than 0.1 2<lgx<3102<x<1032 is less than l g x is less than 3 ⟹ 10 squared is less than x is less than 10 cubed ⟹ 100<x<1000100 is less than x is less than 1000 lgx>5l g x is greater than 5 ⟹ x>100000x is greater than 100000

Ответ: x(0;0.1)(100;1000)(100000;+)x is an element of open paren 0 ; 0.1 close paren union open paren 100 ; 1000 close paren union open paren 100000 ; positive infinity close paren Будет ли вам полезно разобрать аналогичное задание с натуральным логарифмом?

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