Решить неравенство: cosx+cos2x+cos3x<0

Лебедев Дмитрий Сергеевич

Учитель математики

Проверено учителем

Для решения неравенства cosx+cos2x+cos3x<0cosine x plus cosine 2 x plus cosine 3 x is less than 0 воспользуемся методами тригонометрических преобразований и разложения на множители. 1. Преобразование выражения Сгруппируем первый и третий члены выражения и применим формулу суммы косинусов: cosα+cosβ=2cosα+β2cosαβ2cosine alpha plus cosine beta equals 2 cosine the fraction with numerator alpha plus beta and denominator 2 end-fraction cosine the fraction with numerator alpha minus beta and denominator 2 end-fraction Для cosx+cos3xcosine x plus cosine 3 x: cosx+cos3x=2cos3x+x2cos3xx2=2cos2xcosxcosine x plus cosine 3 x equals 2 cosine the fraction with numerator 3 x plus x and denominator 2 end-fraction cosine the fraction with numerator 3 x minus x and denominator 2 end-fraction equals 2 cosine 2 x cosine x Теперь подставим это в исходное неравенство: 2cos2xcosx+cos2x<02 cosine 2 x cosine x plus cosine 2 x is less than 02. Разложение на множители Вынесем общий множитель cos2xcosine 2 x за скобки: cos2x(2cosx+1)<0cosine 2 x open paren 2 cosine x plus 1 close paren is less than 03. Решение методом интервалов Произведение двух выражений меньше нуля, когда множители имеют разные знаки. Рассмотрим два случая: Случай 1: {cos2x>02cosx+1<0{cos2x>0cosx<-1/22 cases; Case 1: cosine 2 x is greater than 0; Case 2: 2 cosine x plus 1 is less than 0 end-cases; ⟹ 2 cases; Case 1: cosine 2 x is greater than 0; Case 2: cosine x is less than negative 1 / 2 end-cases;

  1. cos2x>0π2+2πk<2x<π2+2πkπ4+πk<x<π4+πkcosine 2 x is greater than 0 ⟹ negative the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 2 end-fraction plus 2 pi k is less than 2 x is less than the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 2 end-fraction plus 2 pi k ⟹ negative the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus pi k is less than x is less than the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus pi k cosx<-1/22π3+2πn<x<4π3+2πncosine x is less than negative 1 / 2 ⟹ the fraction with numerator 2 pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 pi n is less than x is less than the fraction with numerator 4 pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 pi n

На промежутке [0,2π]open bracket 0 comma 2 pi close bracket решениями будут:

  • Для cos2x>0cosine 2 x is greater than 0: x[0,π/4)(3π/4,5π/4)(7π/4,2π]x is an element of open bracket 0 comma pi / 4 close paren union open paren 3 pi / 4 comma 5 pi / 4 close paren union open paren 7 pi / 4 comma 2 pi close bracket Для cosx<-1/2cosine x is less than negative 1 / 2: x(2π/3,4π/3)x is an element of open paren 2 pi / 3 comma 4 pi / 3 close paren

Пересечение: x(3π/4,5π/4)x is an element of open paren 3 pi / 4 comma 5 pi / 4 close paren (за исключением точки πpi, так как там косинус достигает минимума, но нам нужно проверить весь интервал). С учетом периодичности: x(3π4+2πk,5π4+2πk)x is an element of open paren the fraction with numerator 3 pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus 2 pi k comma the fraction with numerator 5 pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus 2 pi k close paren Случай 2: {cos2x<02cosx+1>0{cos2x<0cosx>-1/22 cases; Case 1: cosine 2 x is less than 0; Case 2: 2 cosine x plus 1 is greater than 0 end-cases; ⟹ 2 cases; Case 1: cosine 2 x is less than 0; Case 2: cosine x is greater than negative 1 / 2 end-cases;

  1. cos2x<0π2+2πk<2x<3π2+2πkπ4+πk<x<3π4+πkcosine 2 x is less than 0 ⟹ the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 2 end-fraction plus 2 pi k is less than 2 x is less than the fraction with numerator 3 pi and denominator 2 end-fraction plus 2 pi k ⟹ the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus pi k is less than x is less than the fraction with numerator 3 pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus pi k cosx>-1/22π3+2πn<x<2π3+2πncosine x is greater than negative 1 / 2 ⟹ negative the fraction with numerator 2 pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 pi n is less than x is less than the fraction with numerator 2 pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 pi n

На промежутке [π,π]open bracket negative pi comma pi close bracket решениями будут:

  • Для cos2x<0cosine 2 x is less than 0: x(-3π/4,π/4)(π/4,3π/4)x is an element of open paren negative 3 pi / 4 comma negative pi / 4 close paren union open paren pi / 4 comma 3 pi / 4 close paren Для cosx>-1/2cosine x is greater than negative 1 / 2: x(-2π/3,2π/3)x is an element of open paren negative 2 pi / 3 comma 2 pi / 3 close paren

Пересечение: x(-2π/3,-3π/4)x is an element of open paren negative 2 pi / 3 comma negative 3 pi / 4 close paren не подходит, пересекаем аккуратно:

  • x(-2π/3,π/4)(π/4,2π/3)x is an element of open paren negative 2 pi / 3 comma negative pi / 4 close paren union open paren pi / 4 comma 2 pi / 3 close paren

4. Итоговый ответ Объединяя все найденные интервалы и приводя их к общему виду с учетом периода 2πk2 pi k: x(π4+2πk,2π3+2πk)(3π4+2πk,5π4+2πk)(4π3+2πk,7π4+2πk),kZx is an element of open paren the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus 2 pi k comma the fraction with numerator 2 pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 pi k close paren union open paren the fraction with numerator 3 pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus 2 pi k comma the fraction with numerator 5 pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus 2 pi k close paren union open paren the fraction with numerator 4 pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 pi k comma the fraction with numerator 7 pi and denominator 4 end-fraction plus 2 pi k close paren comma k is an element of the integers Хотите, чтобы я проверил решение конкретного числового значения из этих интервалов для подтверждения результата?

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