Cosx+(корень из 3)*sinx=sin(x/2-пи/6)

Лебедев Дмитрий Сергеевич

Учитель математики

Проверено учителем

Для решения уравнения cosx+3sinx=sin(x2π6)cosine x plus the square root of 3 end-root sine x equals sine open paren x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren воспользуемся методом введения вспомогательного угла для левой части. 1. Преобразование левой части Разделим и умножим левую часть на 22 (так как 12+(3)2=2the square root of 1 squared plus open paren the square root of 3 end-root close paren squared end-root equals 2 ): 2(12cosx+32sinx)=sin(x2π6)2 open paren one-half cosine x plus the fraction with numerator the square root of 3 end-root and denominator 2 end-fraction sine x close paren equals sine open paren x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren Заметим, что 12=sinπ6one-half equals sine the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction и 32=cosπ6the fraction with numerator the square root of 3 end-root and denominator 2 end-fraction equals cosine the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction . Тогда по формуле синуса суммы sinαcosβ+cosαsinβ=sin(α+β)sine alpha cosine beta plus cosine alpha sine beta equals sine open paren alpha plus beta close paren: 2sin(x+π6)=sin(x2π6)2 sine open paren x plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren equals sine open paren x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren 2. Решение уравнения Полученное уравнение не приводится к виду sinA=sinBsine cap A equals sine cap B напрямую из-за коэффициента 22. Разложим левую часть по формуле синуса суммы, а правую — по формуле синуса разности: 2(sinxcosπ6+cosxsinπ6)=sinx2cosπ6cosx2sinπ62 open paren sine x cosine the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction plus cosine x sine the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren equals sine x over 2 end-fraction cosine the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction minus cosine x over 2 end-fraction sine the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction 2(32sinx+12cosx)=32sinx212cosx22 open paren the fraction with numerator the square root of 3 end-root and denominator 2 end-fraction sine x plus one-half cosine x close paren equals the fraction with numerator the square root of 3 end-root and denominator 2 end-fraction sine x over 2 end-fraction minus one-half cosine x over 2 end-fraction 3sinx+cosx=3sinx2cosx22the square root of 3 end-root sine x plus cosine x equals the fraction with numerator the square root of 3 end-root sine x over 2 end-fraction minus cosine x over 2 end-fraction and denominator 2 end-fraction Применим формулы двойного угла для sinxsine x и cosxcosine x через аргумент x2x over 2 end-fraction :

  • sinx=2sinx2cosx2sine x equals 2 sine x over 2 end-fraction cosine x over 2 end-fraction cosx=cos2x2sin2x2cosine x equals cosine squared x over 2 end-fraction minus sine squared x over 2 end-fraction

Подставим и перенесем всё в одну сторону: 23sinx2cosx2+cos2x2sin2x232sinx2+12cosx2=02 the square root of 3 end-root sine x over 2 end-fraction cosine x over 2 end-fraction plus cosine squared x over 2 end-fraction minus sine squared x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator the square root of 3 end-root and denominator 2 end-fraction sine x over 2 end-fraction plus one-half cosine x over 2 end-fraction equals 0 Это однородное уравнение (после деления на cos2x2cosine squared x over 2 end-fraction ) или решаемое разложением на множители. Однако проще вернуться к исходному виду 2sin(x+π6)=sin(x2π6)2 sine open paren x plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren equals sine open paren x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren и использовать замену переменной. Пусть t=x2π6t equals x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction , тогда x=2t+π3x equals 2 t plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 3 end-fraction . Подставим в уравнение: 2sin(2t+π3+π6)=sint2 sine open paren 2 t plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren equals sine t 2sin(2t+π2)=sint2 sine open paren 2 t plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 2 end-fraction close paren equals sine t Используя формулу приведения sin(2t+π2)=cos2tsine open paren 2 t plus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 2 end-fraction close paren equals cosine 2 t : 2cos2t=sint2 cosine 2 t equals sine t 2(12sin2t)=sint2 open paren 1 minus 2 sine squared t close paren equals sine t 4sin2t+sint2=04 sine squared t plus sine t minus 2 equals 03. Нахождение корней Решим квадратное уравнение относительно y=sinty equals sine t: 4y2+y2=04 y squared plus y minus 2 equals 0 D=1244(-2)=1+32=33cap D equals 1 squared minus 4 center dot 4 center dot open paren negative 2 close paren equals 1 plus 32 equals 33 y1=-1+338,y2=-1338y sub 1 equals the fraction with numerator negative 1 plus the square root of 33 end-root and denominator 8 end-fraction comma space y sub 2 equals the fraction with numerator negative 1 minus the square root of 33 end-root and denominator 8 end-fraction Оба значения лежат в интервале [-1,1]open bracket negative 1 comma 1 close bracket, так как 335.74the square root of 33 end-root is approximately equal to 5.74 . Вернемся к переменной xx:

  1. sin(x2π6)=-1+338x2π6=(-1)karcsin(3318)+πksine open paren x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren equals the fraction with numerator negative 1 plus the square root of 33 end-root and denominator 8 end-fraction ⟹ x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction equals open paren negative 1 close paren to the k-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator the square root of 33 end-root minus 1 and denominator 8 end-fraction close paren plus pi k
    x=π3+2(-1)karcsin(3318)+2πk,kZx equals the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 open paren negative 1 close paren to the k-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator the square root of 33 end-root minus 1 and denominator 8 end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi k comma space k is an element of the integers sin(x2π6)=-1338x2π6=(-1)narcsin(-1338)+πnsine open paren x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction close paren equals the fraction with numerator negative 1 minus the square root of 33 end-root and denominator 8 end-fraction ⟹ x over 2 end-fraction minus the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 6 end-fraction equals open paren negative 1 close paren to the n-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator negative 1 minus the square root of 33 end-root and denominator 8 end-fraction close paren plus pi n
    x=π3+2(-1)narcsin(-1338)+2πn,nZx equals the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 open paren negative 1 close paren to the n-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator negative 1 minus the square root of 33 end-root and denominator 8 end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi n comma space n is an element of the integers

Ответ: x=π3+2(-1)karcsin(3318)+2πkx equals the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 3 end-fraction plus 2 open paren negative 1 close paren to the k-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator the square root of 33 end-root minus 1 and denominator 8 end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi k ; x=π32(-1)narcsin(33+18)+2πnx equals the fraction with numerator pi and denominator 3 end-fraction minus 2 open paren negative 1 close paren to the n-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator the square root of 33 end-root plus 1 and denominator 8 end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi n , где k,nZk comma n is an element of the integers. Могу ли я помочь с отбором корней на конкретном промежутке для этого уравнения?

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