А) решите уравнение 5cosx+3/5sinx-4=0 б) найдите все корни этого уравнения принадлежащие отрезку [0:2pi]

Лебедев Дмитрий Сергеевич

Учитель математики

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Для решения данного уравнения воспользуемся методом введения вспомогательного угла. А) Решение уравнения Исходное уравнение: 5cos(x)+3sin(x)4=05 cosine x plus 3 sine x minus 4 equals 0Перенесем свободный член в правую часть: 3sin(x)+5cos(x)=43 sine x plus 5 cosine x equals 4Разделим обе части уравнения на 32+52=9+25=34the square root of 3 squared plus 5 squared end-root equals the square root of 9 plus 25 end-root equals the square root of 34 end-root : 334sin(x)+534cos(x)=434the fraction with numerator 3 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction sine x plus the fraction with numerator 5 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction cosine x equals the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction Введем вспомогательный угол αalpha такой, что:

  • cos(α)=334cosine open paren alpha close paren equals the fraction with numerator 3 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction sin(α)=534sine open paren alpha close paren equals the fraction with numerator 5 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction tan(α)=53α=arctan(53)tangent open paren alpha close paren equals five-thirds ⟹ alpha equals arc tangent five-thirds

Тогда уравнение принимает вид синуса суммы: sin(x+α)=434sine open paren x plus alpha close paren equals the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction Отсюда находим две серии решений:

  1. x+α=arcsin(434)+2πkx plus alpha equals arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi k
    x1=arctan(53)+arcsin(434)+2πk,kZx sub 1 equals negative arc tangent five-thirds plus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi k comma space k is an element of the integers x+α=πarcsin(434)+2πkx plus alpha equals pi minus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi k
    x2=πarctan(53)arcsin(434)+2πk,kZx sub 2 equals pi minus arc tangent five-thirds minus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren plus 2 pi k comma space k is an element of the integers

Б) Поиск корней на отрезке [0;2π]open bracket 0 ; 2 pi close bracket Определим примерные значения углов для оценки:

  • α=arctan(5/3)59alpha equals arc tangent open paren 5 / 3 close paren is approximately equal to 59 raised to the composed with power arcsin(4/34)arcsin(0.686)43arc sine open paren 4 / the square root of 34 end-root close paren is approximately equal to arc sine 0.686 is approximately equal to 43 raised to the composed with power

Проверка первой серии x1x sub 1: При k=0k equals 0: x-59+43=-16x is approximately equal to negative 59 raised to the composed with power plus 43 raised to the composed with power equals negative 16 raised to the composed with power (не входит в [0;2π]open bracket 0 ; 2 pi close bracket) При k=1k equals 1: x-16+360=344x is approximately equal to negative 16 raised to the composed with power plus 360 raised to the composed with power equals 344 raised to the composed with power (входит в [0;2π]open bracket 0 ; 2 pi close bracket) Корень: x=2πarctan(53)+arcsin(434)x equals 2 pi minus arc tangent five-thirds plus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren Проверка второй серии x2x sub 2: При k=0k equals 0: x1805943=78x is approximately equal to 180 raised to the composed with power minus 59 raised to the composed with power minus 43 raised to the composed with power equals 78 raised to the composed with power (входит в [0;2π]open bracket 0 ; 2 pi close bracket) Корень: x=πarctan(53)arcsin(434)x equals pi minus arc tangent five-thirds minus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren Ответ: А) x=(-1)narcsin(434)arctan(53)+πn,nZx equals open paren negative 1 close paren to the n-th power arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren minus arc tangent five-thirds plus pi n comma space n is an element of the integers (Или в виде двух серий, указанных выше) Б)

  1. x=πarctan(53)arcsin(434)x equals pi minus arc tangent five-thirds minus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren x=2πarctan(53)+arcsin(434)x equals 2 pi minus arc tangent five-thirds plus arc sine open paren the fraction with numerator 4 and denominator the square root of 34 end-root end-fraction close paren

Хотите, чтобы я проверил эти корни через универсальную тригонометрическую подстановку ( t=tan(x/2)t equals tangent open paren x / 2 close paren)?

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